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Note:
Long time superior right lobus atelectasis creating ventilator dependence (left). In selective surfactant application, the mode of ventilation and the ability to open the pathologic area play an important role prior to administering of surfactant in the pathologic area. When the lung is opened, application of PEEP keeps the lung open and allows delivery of surfactant directly into the pathologic area (right). Personal observation and unpublished data.